Similar structural adaptations seen in unrelated/distantly related groups of animals (they do not share a common ancestor).
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25
Dolphins and shares are both aquatic (live in water) carnivores. They have very similar adaptations. Are these adaptations homologous or analogous structures? Give a reason for your answer.
Analogous. They do not share a common ancestor, sharks are part of the fish group, where dolphins are part of the mammal group.
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25
The camel is the poster child for desert mammals. What evidence suggests that deserts where not the original habitat of their ancestors?
Fossil fragments of camel ancestors were found in Northern Canada, and area with a very cold climate (Tundra biome).
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25
Define/explain 'Homologous structures'
Share a common origin, but do not necessarily perform the same function. The product of divergent evolution.
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25
Explain what divergent evolution is.
When different species evolve from a shared common ancestor. They often show differences in the structure and function of similar body parts.
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25
Whales and dolphins share a common ancestor with the hippo (diverged about 47 mya), they are essentially cousins. They look very different to each other. Is this an example of convergent or divergent evolution?.
Divergent
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Land bridges currently explain how the same/very closesly related species are found on separate continents (e.g. Brown bear). How/when are land bridges formed?
Land bridges form during ice ages when a lot of the sea's water is trapped in ice glaciers. This lowers the sea level and exposes land between some continents.
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25
Armadillos and Pangolins are not related. What possible reason can explain their similar adaptations and appearances?
They are adapted to similar environmental conditions (haitat) / food source / avoiding similar types of predators.
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25
What is an adaptation?
A trait or characteristic of an organism that makes it specialized for survival (e.g. climate/ habitat/ survival/ food/avoiding predators/ reproduction)
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25
True or False: In this phylogenetic tree, Species F is more closely related to Species D than it is to Species A.
True. D and F share a more recent common ancestor.
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Give an example of an adaptation that an animal might have if it were adapted to very cold conditions.
Any appropriate example, e.g.: thick fur, fatty insulation, hibernation (behavioral adaptation).
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25
Are the following structures examples of homologous/analogous structures? Give a reason for your answer: Duck billed platypus (bill) -vs- Duck (billl)
Analogous. Ducks belong to the bird group and Platypus belongs to the mammal group. This means that they do not share a common ancestor.
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25
Explain what convergent evolution is.
When similar species evolve similar traits due to similar selective pressures.