French philosopher. V = Voice (Freedom Speech). Also favored religious freedom/toleration.

He viewed human beings as naturally self-centered and prone to violence. Feared the dangers of anarchy more than the dangers of tyranny. Argued that monarchs should have absolute and unlimited political authority.

English Philosopher. 3 Ls = Life, Liberty, and Land (Property) = Natural Rights. Argues government's responsibility is to protect people's natural rights. If the gov't failure to do so, the people should overthrow their Government.

Term for 18th century European monarchs who were inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

Written by Montesquieu and showed his admiration for the British system—especially the checks and balances.

Thomas Hobbes' writing that argues for a social contract asking people to give up rights to establish order under an absolute ruler.

Writing that outlines John Locke's political ideologies.

She was an Enlightened despot who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, and literature.

French philosopher. 3 syllables = 3 branches of government. Separation of Powers. Checks and Balances.

3-word term given to the division of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

3-word term given to a system of government that allows each branch of to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

A French man who believed that human beings are naturally good, free and can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy.