Sigs Unit 8 Cases 8-15 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Describe neurochemical changes thought to underlie the symptoms of schizophrenia. (SIGS 8.6b)

+ symp: incr subcortical release dopamine-> augments D2 recp activation&nucleus accumben;- symp: reduced D1 recp activation prefrontal cortex & nucleus caudatus

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Describe how atypical antipsychotics treat symptoms of schizophrenia AND list adverse effects associated with these medications. (SIGS 8.6b)

transiently occupy D2 recep and rapidly dissociate to allow normal dopamine transmission; 2nd gen less potent D2 antagonists + antagonize 5HT2 recep to decr AE

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Describe the clinical presentation of opioid withdrawal. (SIGS 8.7b)

Somatic:piloerection, pupil dilation, yawning, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, flu-like; behavior/mood: dysphoric, anxiety, irritability, restless, agitation, insomnia

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Describe the mechanism of action of naloxone for opioid overdose. (SIGS 8.7b)

competitive inhibitor of mu opoid receptor-> blocks/reverses action of narcotics; prevent acute withdrawal syndrome (narcotic antagonist)-> restore ventilation

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List the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and the timing of their presentation. (SIGS 8.7a)

tremors, vomiting, anxiety, sweating tachycardia-> gen. tonic-clonic seizures-> transient hallucinations-> delirium tremens

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Explain why the therapeutic effects of SSRIs are delayed. (SIGS 8.6a)

reuptake inhibition initially, but may require additional "downstream" effects to produce full therapeutic effect; modifies serotonergic receptors over weeks

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Discuss splitting, transference, and countertransference in Borderline Personality Disorder (Sigs 8.8b)

S: only good v. bad w/ no in between; T: subconscious associat. person in present w/ a past relationship; C: responding in present w/ thoughts/feelings of past

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List the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing PTSD. (SIGS 8.5b)

traumatic situation-> reliving experience, avoidance, emotional detachment, incr. arousal, decr daily fx, >1 month

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Compare the MOA & indications of lamotrigine, risperidone, and fluoxetine (Sigs 8.8b)

L: inhibits voltage-sensitive Na channels-> modulate release presynaptic excit; R: decr dopaminergic & serotonergic via 5-HT2Ar-> decr symptoms; F: SSRI

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Describe withdrawal seizures. (SIGS 8.7a)

onset 8-48 hours after cessation/reduction alcohol; usually brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; often single episode

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Explain the approach to both diagnosis and monitoring of ADHD. Name the two core symptom domains in ADHD and list six examples of each. (Sigs 8.8a)

use valid rating scales; inattention & hyperactivity-impulsivity; careless mistakes, poor organization, losing items, fidgeting, moving, excess talking

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Rationalize the use of mannitol in acute TBI. (SIGS 8.5a)

osmotic diuretic-- non-reabsorbable solute filtered by glomerulus causing water retention in PCT & dLoH-> alter Starling forces-> H20 leaves cells->decr ICP

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Identify the brain structures involved in attention. Relate the changes in neurotransmitter(s) in ADHD to the utility of methylphenidate in treating the disorder. Include in your answer the mechanism of action of the medication. (Sigs 8.8a)

Dopamine and norepinephrine in appropriate amounts required for optimal functioning of prefrontal cortex, subcortical structures, and cerebellum

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