Sigs Unit 8 Cases 8-15 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Explain the risk of seizure and rationale for the use of fosphenytoin for seizure prophylaxis following TBI. (Sigs 8.5a)

H20-soluble prodrug metabol by plasma esterases->phenytoin->binds voltage-sensitive Na channel neuron->inhibit high-frequency repetitive action potentials

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baam

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seesaw

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shark

Other team loses 10 points!

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thief

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List the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing PTSD. (SIGS 8.5b)

traumatic situation-> reliving experience, avoidance, emotional detachment, incr. arousal, decr daily fx, >1 month

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Explain why the therapeutic effects of SSRIs are delayed. (SIGS 8.6a)

reuptake inhibition initially, but may require additional "downstream" effects to produce full therapeutic effect; modifies serotonergic receptors over weeks

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Explain the approach to both diagnosis and monitoring of ADHD. Name the two core symptom domains in ADHD and list six examples of each. (Sigs 8.8a)

use valid rating scales; inattention & hyperactivity-impulsivity; careless mistakes, poor organization, losing items, fidgeting, moving, excess talking

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Describe the mechanism of action of naloxone for opioid overdose. (SIGS 8.7b)

competitive inhibitor of mu opoid receptor-> blocks/reverses action of narcotics; prevent acute withdrawal syndrome (narcotic antagonist)-> restore ventilation

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Describe the clinical presentation of opioid withdrawal. (SIGS 8.7b)

Somatic:piloerection, pupil dilation, yawning, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, flu-like; behavior/mood: dysphoric, anxiety, irritability, restless, agitation, insomnia

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Identify risk and protective factors for suicide. (SIGS 8.6a)

risk: previous attempt, mental illness, social isolation, financial/legal/health problems, substance use, impulsive; protect: coping, religion, social support

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Describe the four main symptom clusters of PTSD. (SIGS 8.5b)

Criterion B: intrusion symp.; Criterion C: avoidance symp.; Criterion D: negative cognitions & mood; Criterion E: arousal & activity changes

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Describe withdrawal seizures. (SIGS 8.7a)

onset 8-48 hours after cessation/reduction alcohol; usually brief, generalized tonic-clonic seizures; often single episode

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boom

Lose 50 points!

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gold

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fairy

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lifesaver

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Identify the brain structures involved in attention. Relate the changes in neurotransmitter(s) in ADHD to the utility of methylphenidate in treating the disorder. Include in your answer the mechanism of action of the medication. (Sigs 8.8a)

Dopamine and norepinephrine in appropriate amounts required for optimal functioning of prefrontal cortex, subcortical structures, and cerebellum

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Explain the major differences between the use of methadone and buprenorphine in opioid use disorder. (SIGS 8.7b)

methadone:acute withdrawal +long-term maintenance;full agonist, also inhibits NMDA, synthetic;bupre: mu partial agonist, prevent relapse, less potent, synthetic

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Explain the role of sertraline in treating PTSD. (SIGS 8.5b)

(Zoloft)1st line monotherapy SSRI;inhibit serotonin reuptake via inhibition of SERT->incr. synaptic concentration serotonin CNS->enhanced serotonergic neurotran

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