Sigs Unit 8 Cases 8-15 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Rationalize the use of mannitol in acute TBI. (SIGS 8.5a)

osmotic diuretic-- non-reabsorbable solute filtered by glomerulus causing water retention in PCT & dLoH-> alter Starling forces-> H20 leaves cells->decr ICP

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Explain the approach to both diagnosis and monitoring of ADHD. Name the two core symptom domains in ADHD and list six examples of each. (Sigs 8.8a)

use valid rating scales; inattention & hyperactivity-impulsivity; careless mistakes, poor organization, losing items, fidgeting, moving, excess talking

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Describe the mechanism of action of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder. (SIGS 8.7b)

mu partial agonist, narcotic analgesic, morphine type (synthetic); used to prevent relapse

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List the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing PTSD. (SIGS 8.5b)

traumatic situation-> reliving experience, avoidance, emotional detachment, incr. arousal, decr daily fx, >1 month

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Describe how atypical antipsychotics treat symptoms of schizophrenia AND list adverse effects associated with these medications. (SIGS 8.6b)

transiently occupy D2 recep and rapidly dissociate to allow normal dopamine transmission; 2nd gen less potent D2 antagonists + antagonize 5HT2 recep to decr AE

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Describe the clinical presentation of opioid withdrawal. (SIGS 8.7b)

Somatic:piloerection, pupil dilation, yawning, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, flu-like; behavior/mood: dysphoric, anxiety, irritability, restless, agitation, insomnia

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Explain the major differences between the use of methadone and buprenorphine in opioid use disorder. (SIGS 8.7b)

methadone:acute withdrawal +long-term maintenance;full agonist, also inhibits NMDA, synthetic;bupre: mu partial agonist, prevent relapse, less potent, synthetic

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banana

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seesaw

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shark

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lifesaver

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gift

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thief

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Explain why the therapeutic effects of SSRIs are delayed. (SIGS 8.6a)

reuptake inhibition initially, but may require additional "downstream" effects to produce full therapeutic effect; modifies serotonergic receptors over weeks

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Identify risk and protective factors for suicide. (SIGS 8.6a)

risk: previous attempt, mental illness, social isolation, financial/legal/health problems, substance use, impulsive; protect: coping, religion, social support

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Explain the role of benzodiazepines in the management of alcohol withdrawal. (SIGS 8.7b)

binds "benzodiazepine receptors" between alpha and gamma subunits of GABA-A-> incr freq. of chloride channel opening -> incr inhibitory effect of GABA

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Describe the mechanism of action of naloxone for opioid overdose. (SIGS 8.7b)

competitive inhibitor of mu opoid receptor-> blocks/reverses action of narcotics; prevent acute withdrawal syndrome (narcotic antagonist)-> restore ventilation

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Identify the brain structures involved in attention. Relate the changes in neurotransmitter(s) in ADHD to the utility of methylphenidate in treating the disorder. Include in your answer the mechanism of action of the medication. (Sigs 8.8a)

Dopamine and norepinephrine in appropriate amounts required for optimal functioning of prefrontal cortex, subcortical structures, and cerebellum

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