UVB causes thymine base pairs to bind to each other->pyrimidine dimers; UVA->ROS=damage DNA repair proteins=cancer

glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (can't go from G6P to Glucose)

LDH: high turn over of cells-excess cell lysis; Uric Acid-breakdown of cellular nucleic acid contents of leukemia cells

BRCA2: tumor suppressor, chromosome stability; BRCA1: tumor suppressor,DNA damage response/repair; HER2: proto-oncogene, nonregulated tissue growth

LMNA codes for Lamina A-protein that acts as scaffolding on the inner side of the nucleus->farnesyl stays on lamina A->piles on=abnormal nuclear envelop

T: extent/size of tumor (how far grown in wall colon-mucosa, muscularis properia, suberosa/serosa); N: spread to nearby lymphs; M: metastasis to distant organs

degree of abnormality of APC-assay correlates to heterozygosity (higher APC ratio) or homozygosity (low APC ratio) factor V Leiden mutation

Anemia -> lower oxygenation of blood->body compensates = pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia

Translocation of chromosome 9 segment onto Chromosome 22-> Philadelphia Chromosome w/ BCR-ABL fusion gene= hematopoeitic stem cell division unregulated

corn starch is a glucose polymer that is broken down slowly = control glucose levels

TTP->ADAMTS13 deficient->cleavage down, increase vWG multimers->hypercoagubale->prothombotic->aggregate->obstruct vessel->sheering RBCS=shistocytes

Inactive (parent drug)-> metabolized-> metabolites FdUMP block TS=interfere with DNA/RNA/protein formation

HUS: shiga toxin->ADAMTS 13 inhibition->failure to cleave vWF multimers; TTP: ADAMTS13 antibodies/congenital ADAMTS13 mutation->failure to cleave vWF multimers