compare and contrast mechanical transmission and biological transmission and give examples
mechanical transmission involves pathogen being transported by a vector versus biological where part of the pathogens life cycle occurs in the vector
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15
experimental requirements for identifying the agent of an infectious disease
Koch's postulates
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15
What bacteria produces superantigen exptoxins that are responsible for toxic shock syndrome and food poisoning
S. aureus
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Most organisms cannot penetrate intact skin; how then would pathogens enter a host through this portal of entry
they would enter through the hair follicles and sweat glands on the skin
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15
What is pathogenicity in comparison to virulence?
Pathogenicity is a pathogens ability to cause disease and virulence is the extent/degree of pathogenicity
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15
compare and contrast membrane-disrupting toxins and superantigens
MD-lyse host cells by disrupting plasma membranes; SA-cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells (T cells)
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15
Diseases that are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future âĒ Most are zoonotic, of viral origin, and likely to be vector-borne
emerging infectious diseases
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25
How does E. Coli cause membrane ruffling?
E. Coli releases invasins which alters the host's actin and form ruffling due the the disruption of the cytoskeleton.
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15
explain the 5 stages of the development of disease
incubation, prodromal, period of illness, period of decline, convalescence
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15
Would you expect a bacterium to make coagulase and kinase simultaneously?
No, coagulase are bacterial enzymes that coagulate the fibrinogen in blood and convert it into fibrin and kinase breaks down fibrin.
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25
How do endotoxins produce a fever in the host
macrophage ingests gram(-), bacterium is degraded releasing endotoxin-endtotoxin induces macrophage to release cytokines
