What is the MOA and side effects of thiazide diuretics?(Sigs Case 6.6b)
Used to decrease sodium reabsorption-> decrease fluid reabsorption-> directly decrease levels of circulating sodium; AE: ion imbalance, incr. urination
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15
What is the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease?(Sigs Case 6.6b)
What is the significance of DLCO results in interstitial lung disease? (Sigs Case 6.6b)
DLCO represents ability of lung to transfer gas from inhaled air into blood; acts as surrogate marker for extent of lung damage; may decrease in many conditions
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15
Contrast the risk factors, clinical presentation, evaluation, and complications of viral and bacterial upper respiratory infections (URIs). (SIGS 6.5b)
What is the role of glucocorticoids in managing COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)
Steroid must be used with LABA; decrease inflammation in flare-ups (swelling, mucus production, breathlessness)
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15
Determine common triggers and risk factors of an asthma attack. (SIGS 6.4a)
RF: family hx, allergy hx, young age; Trigger: Allergic (environmental, etc); Non-allergic (cold air, exercise, infection, Aspirin, stress)
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15
Explain how pulmonary hypertension increases the pressure/afterload on the right side of the heart. (SIGS 6.4b)
normally very low pressure/resistance; emboli blocks flow from RV--> resistance increases--> inc. afterload on RV (needs more work to contract against resist)
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15
Describe how cor pulmonale can result in right-sided heart failure. (SIGS 6.4b)
cor pul.->RV work harder->enlargement & thickening of RV (remodeling)-> contraction decreased-> conduction path stretched-> V. arrhythmia-> Vfib-> RHF
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15
Compare/contrast expected PFT findings of obstructive vs. restrictive lung diseases (Sigs Case 6.6b)
O: volumes greater than normal, ratio lower than normal, loop shifts left; R: volumes less than normal, ratio elevated, loop shifts right
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15
Describe the effects of CO on hemoglobin and the hemoglobin saturation curve. (SIGS 6.5a)
CO binds hemoglobin w/ 240x affinity than O2 (competitively inhibits)--> curve shift to left--> bound O2 won't release
