Explain how CO2, pH, Temp., and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG) or biphosphoglycerate (BPG) would shift the hemoglobin saturation curve and how this affects tissue oxygenation.(Sigs Case 6.5a)
Right shift: tissue oxygenation increased; Left shift: holds onto oxygen
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15
Determine common triggers and risk factors of an asthma attack. (SIGS 6.4a)
RF: family hx, allergy hx, young age; Trigger: Allergic (environmental, etc); Non-allergic (cold air, exercise, infection, Aspirin, stress)
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seesaw
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gift
Win 15 points!
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shark
Other team loses 25 points!
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banana
Go to last place!
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15
What are the risks and benefits of LABAs and LAMAs for treating COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)
LABA-deathly asthma attack when used w/out steroid = B2-adrenoceptor decrease; LAMA-arrhythmia; increased CV risk
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15
Contrast the risk factors, clinical presentation, evaluation, and complications of viral and bacterial upper respiratory infections (URIs). (SIGS 6.5b)
Compare/contrast expected PFT findings of obstructive vs. restrictive lung diseases (Sigs Case 6.6b)
O: volumes greater than normal, ratio lower than normal, loop shifts left; R: volumes less than normal, ratio elevated, loop shifts right
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15
Describe the effects of CO on hemoglobin and the hemoglobin saturation curve. (SIGS 6.5a)
CO binds hemoglobin w/ 240x affinity than O2 (competitively inhibits)--> curve shift to left--> bound O2 won't release
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boom
Lose 50 points!
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shark
Other team loses 20 points!
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gift
Win 10 points!
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baam
Lose 20 points!
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15
Explain the relationship of pulmonary perfusion to ventilation. How is this altered in a PE?(SIGS 6.4b)
PP: measurement of how much blood is pumped through lungs to alveoli for gas exchange; PE blocks/reduces supply; air movement still occurs--> VQ mismatch
