Unit 6A Sigs | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

What is the role of glucocorticoids in managing COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)

Steroid must be used with LABA; decrease inflammation in flare-ups (swelling, mucus production, breathlessness)

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seesaw

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seesaw

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fairy

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lifesaver

Give 10 points!

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monster

Reset all scores!

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gold

Win 50 points!

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rocket

Go to first place!

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thief

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Contrast the risk factors, clinical presentation, evaluation, and complications of viral and bacterial upper respiratory infections (URIs). (SIGS 6.5b)

V: supportive care, dry cough, lower temp., bilateral +; B: antibiotics, productive cough (+mucus), acute onset, higher temp; unilateral +

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What is included in the GOLD assessment and what is it used for?- (Sigs Case 6.6a)

Classification of COPD based on FEV1% of predicted value; determine severity of expiratory airflow obstruction for classification/prognosis/interventions

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What is the significance of D-dimer elevation in the formation and diagnosis of PE.(Sigs Case 6.4b)

indicates clots are forming and breaking somewhere; highly sensitive, not specific to PE/DVT (must be coupled w/ suspicion of PE)

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How does cigarette smoke cause cellular damage to the respritory tract? (Sigs Case 6.6a)

ROS & inactivation of anti-proteases-> lung inflammation-> repetitive injury to bronchial tree-> airway fibrosis & mucus trapping-> chron. bronchitis-> COPD

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Explain how inhaled corticosteroids and short-acting beta 2 agonists reduce asthma symptoms. (Sigs Case 6.4a)

binds glucocorticoid receptors in lungs-> affects gene transcription (decr. inflam. genes; incr. anti-inflam. genes); B2 agonists-> incr. cAMP-> bronchodilate

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What is the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease?(Sigs Case 6.6b)

Lung & fibrosis + alveolar capacity membrane thickening + pulmonary remodeling -> restrictive + gas exchange decrease

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Identify confirmatory biochemical reactions for bacterial respiratory pathogens. (SIGS 6.5b)

Urease (Klebsiella is +), Catalase, Agar, Gram stain, Hemataglutination (anti-HA antibodies: HPIV)

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Describe how the normal gross and microscopic anatomy of the airway is altered during an asthma attack. (SIGS 6.4a)

incr. mucus production, goblet cells, leukocyte infiltration (mast cell, eosinophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil), smooth cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy, thickened BM

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Describe how cor pulmonale can result in right-sided heart failure. (SIGS 6.4b)

cor pul.->RV work harder->enlargement & thickening of RV (remodeling)-> contraction decreased-> conduction path stretched-> V. arrhythmia-> Vfib-> RHF

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What are the risks and benefits of LABAs and LAMAs for treating COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)

LABA-deathly asthma attack when used w/out steroid = B2-adrenoceptor decrease; LAMA-arrhythmia; increased CV risk

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Explain how low oxygen levels can alter the electrical and mechanical functions of the heart.(Sigs Case 6.5a)

Low O2-> ischemia of heart myocardium-> decrease in contractility (LV)-> reduces CO, increased preload-> ecc. hypertrophy-> dilation-> systolic dysfunction-> HF

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baam