Unit 6A Sigs | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

Describe the mechanism(s) of action of diltiazem and its effect on cardiac conductivity (SIGS 6.1a)

MOA: inhibits inflow Ca2+ ions into cardiac smooth muscle (SM) during depolarization; Decr. intracellular Ca2+ --> incr. SM relaxation/vasodilation--> decr. BP

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Distinguish between cardiac conduction blocks (sinus block; bundle branch block; hemiblock) on an EKG. (SIGS 6.1b)

A: Sinus block; B: LBBB; C: RBBB; D: Hemi/fascicular (Left posterior hemiblock is associated with a frontal plane QRS axis more positive than +120°)

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Describe the effects of CO on hemoglobin and the hemoglobin saturation curve. (SIGS 6.5a)

CO binds hemoglobin w/ 240x affinity than O2 (competitively inhibits)--> curve shift to left--> bound O2 won't release

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What are the risks and benefits of LABAs and LAMAs for treating COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)

LABA-deathly asthma attack when used w/out steroid = B2-adrenoceptor decrease; LAMA-arrhythmia; increased CV risk

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Describe integrative approaches to asthma (Sigs 6.4a)

Avoid triggers, mindfulness, yoga, 4-7-8 breathing, meditation, Med. diet, anti-inflamm. diet

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Explain the mechanism of action of amiodarone and the rationale for its use in dysrhythmias. (SIGS 6.2b)

Class III anti-arryth; MOA: blocks VG K+ channels --> inhibit Phase 3 repol--> prolong cardiac action potential & refractoriness--> decr. SA node firing rate

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Compare/contrast expected PFT findings of obstructive vs. restrictive lung diseases (Sigs Case 6.6b)

O: volumes greater than normal, ratio lower than normal, loop shifts left; R: volumes less than normal, ratio elevated, loop shifts right

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What is the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease?(Sigs Case 6.6b)

Lung & fibrosis + alveolar capacity membrane thickening + pulmonary remodeling -> restrictive + gas exchange decrease

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Discuss the use of ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers to slow or reverse cardiac remodeling. (Sigs Case 6.2a)

ACE-inh.: allows heart to get more blood flow & decrease LV filing & decreases peripheral resistance; BB: decreases demand on heart and lowers BP

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Explain the role of metoprolol in the management of HCM.(Sigs Case 6.3b)

antagonizes catecholamine binding at Beta1 adren. receptors (card. nodal cells)-> decrease HR; antagonize B1-adren. recept. on card. myocytes-> decr. contract

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What is the MOA of Colchicine and how does it relate to the management of pericarditis?(Sigs Case 6.2a)

used as a theoretical anti-inflamm. agent; inhibits IL-1 from cascading, interferes w/ NFK-B; binds to microtubular tubulin in neutrophils-> inhibits mitosis

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Describe how cardiac chamber dilation results in global hypokinesis and systolic dysfunction.(Sigs Case 6.2b)

constant backup fluid-> dilation chambers-> decrease ability to contract & overstretching-> impaired contraction-> less EF-> systolic dysfunct-> systolic fail

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Describe the role of INR monitoring in anticoagulation therapy and explain the need for bridge therapy with warfarin. (SIGS 6.1a)

monitor coagulability (maintain optimal level- not too low or too high); Bridge therapy for warfarin due to taking several days to achieve therapeutic effects

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