Baker, T. (2018). Digital learning in higher education. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Research suggests that regular reading improves vocabulary development (Harris 2021).

Educational inequality remains a significant concern (Roberts, Green and Williams, 2017, 2020, 2022).

Williams (2021, p. 45) identifies several challenges facing universities.

Language proficiency develops through sustained exposure (Anderson and Lewis 2016).

Davies, L. 2019. The sociology of education. Palgrave Macmillan.

Edwards, M. 2017. Language and identity in multilingual classrooms. In: Harris, P. ed. Perspectives on language education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp. 55–72.

According to Smith (2019) social interaction supports language acquisition.

Clarke, J. and Evans, P. 2021. Student motivation and academic performance. Journal of Educational Research 45(2), pp. 112–129.

Green, S. 2020. Academic writing for university students. 3rd ed. London: Sage.

Brown and Taylor (2020) argue that motivation influences academic achievement.

Foster, A. 2022. The impact of online learning. International Journal of Education 18, pp. 34–49.

Several studies have investigated student engagement (Wilson et al. 2018).