UNIT 5 SIGS 4-6 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

Discuss the Batts-Ludwig grading and staging criteria

Grade-amount of necroinflammatory activity; Stage-amount of fibrosis

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Adalimumab - Drug Class, MOA, Indication, Side effect

Anti-TNF IgG1 Antibody; binds TNF-α + blocks interaction w/ surface TNF receptors; for UC/CD diseases; side effect-serious infection

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Describe the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical features of celiac disease

genetic(HLA DQ 2,8)+exposure to prolamins->TTG alter + gliadin w/ zonulin -> IgA against TTG + tight junctions open = inflammation GI ->malabsorption-diarrhea

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Describe life-threatening complications from cirrhosis including hepatic encephalopathy (HE), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and esophageal varices (EV)

HE: toxin build up in blood->brain damage; SBP: infection of ascitic fluid in peritoneum; EV: blood flow to liver blocked->enlarged esophageal veins

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Elaborate the role of statin in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol synthesis

Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase->reduce cellular cholesterol synthesis->Lower intracellular cholesterol->over-expression of the LDL receptors=lower plasma LDL

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Explain how insulin resistance can lead to the development of hepatic steatosis

skeletal resistance -> glucose to liver; adipose resistance -> lipolysis = glycerol + Fatty acids -> fats deposited in liver

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Compare and contrast the histological findings of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Chron Disease (CD)

UC: loss of hostra, pseudopolyp, ulcers, crypt distortion; CD: transmural inflammation,ulcerations,fissures; cobblestoning, thickened wall

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Identify the spectrum of disorders of NAFLD

NAFD --> NASH --> Fibrosis --> Cirrhosis

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Explain how hepatocellular oxidative injury can result in hepatic inflammation and necrosis

Reactive oxygen species produced in mitochondria + ER of hepatocytes via cytochrome P450-> imbalance oxidants/antioxidants=structural & functional abnormality

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banana

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fairy

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Explain the use of osmotic laxatives (lactulose) to manage hepatic encephalopathy.

colonic acidifier that works by decreasing the amount of ammonia in the blood (decrease intestinal production/absorption of ammonia) -> less toxin to brain

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Explain the rationale for utilizing sofosbuvir-velpatasvir in previously untreated hepatitis C

Velpatasvir: NS5A inhibitor; Sofosbuvir: NS5B polymerase inhibitor; both work by weakening the activity of proteins needed by hepatitis C

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Identify the utility of serologic and endoscopic evaluation in the diagnosis and management of celiac disease.

Serology: Anti-TTG; Endoscopic-histologically see vilious atrophy+crypt hypertrophy+increased IEL

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Explain the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus

transmitted by blood/sexual contact/transplacentally->hepatocytes->dsDNA->mRNA viral proteins->dsDNA packaged->viral antigens attached by CTL-> acute hepatitis

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