UNIT 5 SIGS cases 1-3 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

What are the most common causative agents of traveler's diarrhea?

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., other E. coli strains

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What are the signs, symptoms, and risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

N/V, tachycardia, fever, abdominal pain worse after eating, upper abdominal pain (radiates to back), ecchymosis; RF: alcohol, smoking, obesity, FHx

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Explain the role of alcohol in pancreatitis.

Primary acinar cell injury = Increased calcium flux ---> activation of trypsinogen by trypsin and generation of free radicals --> Acinar injury

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Compare and contrast Metformin and liraglutide (MOA)

Metformin: activates AMP-activated protein kinase--> decreased gluconeogenesis/insulin sensitivity; Liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) --> insulin release

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List recommended lifestyle approaches for people with IBS.

incr. fluids, fiber, exercise; avoid FODMAPs, alcohol, coffee, spicy & fatty food; manage stress; regular meal pattern; squatting for defecation

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Describe how the effects of NSAIDs, alcohol, cigarette smoke, and stress lead to the development of gastritis.

Decrease mucosal lining in stomach--> cells exposed to acid--> cell damage--> inflammation

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How is Metabolic Syndrome defined and how does it relate to Diabetes Mellitus Type II?

Met Synd: obesity, HTN, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypocholesteremia; Inc. risk of insulin resistance, lipotoxicity--> DM-II

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monster

Reset all scores!

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fairy

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gift

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lifesaver

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seesaw

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rocket

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thief

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What is the MOA, indications, and an example of a proton-pump inhibitor?

irreversibly block H+/K+ ATPase enzyme--> prevents movement of H+ ions; Indication: ++gastric acid; Omeprazole

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What are potential long-term risks of prolonged gastric acid suppression?

increased risk of acid-labile bacterial infection; pepsinogen can't convert to pepsin--> poor digestion

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Compare/contrast normal pancreatic enzyme function to pancreatitis.

trypsin --> activates zymogens prematurely (in pancreas instead of in stomach)--> autodigestion of the pancreas-> high amylase + lipase=pancreatitis

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Relate positive behavioral modifications to their affect on the LES and GERD.

Weightloss (decreased pressure), avoid cigarettes (they relax LES), avoid alcohol (reduces LES tone), stay upright after meals/don't eat late

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gift

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thief

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Describe the relationship between gut flora and IBS, including how it relates to use of probiotics.

Dysbiosis (high ratio Firmicutes :Bacteroidetes, few Lactobacilli &Bifidobacteria-> activation gut immune system-->inflammation; attempt to restore symbiosis

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trap

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fairy

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baam

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