UNIT 5 SIGS cases 1-3 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

Explain the role of alcohol in pancreatitis.

Primary acinar cell injury = Increased calcium flux ---> activation of trypsinogen by trypsin and generation of free radicals --> Acinar injury

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Compare/contrast normal pancreatic enzyme function to pancreatitis.

trypsin --> activates zymogens prematurely (in pancreas instead of in stomach)--> autodigestion of the pancreas-> high amylase + lipase=pancreatitis

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Describe the major motor patterns that occur in the small intestines and colon during FED and FASTED conditions.

Fed: motility mix contents to absorb nutrients; isolated contraction->segmentation->peristalsis; Fasted: MMC, I-quiescence II-contractions III-rapid propulsions

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heart

Other team wins 20 points!

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seesaw

Swap points!

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shark

Other team loses 20 points!

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thief

Give points!

Describe the role of the lower esophageal sphincter and list factors that affect its functioning.

control entry of bolus--> stomach & prevent gastric contents from entering esophagus; RF: truncal obesity, nicotine,

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thief

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fairy

Take points!

rocket

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banana

Go to last place!

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Compare and contrast Metformin and liraglutide (MOA)

Metformin: activates AMP-activated protein kinase--> decreased gluconeogenesis/insulin sensitivity; Liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) --> insulin release

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banana

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star

Double points!

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rocket

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baam

Lose 25 points!

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What is the MOA, indications, and an example of a proton-pump inhibitor?

irreversibly block H+/K+ ATPase enzyme--> prevents movement of H+ ions; Indication: ++gastric acid; Omeprazole

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Compare normal movement of ions and nutrients across intestinal epithelium to that of secretory diarrhea.

Water is absorbed on osmotic gradient; water follows solute. Secretory diarrhea: solute (such as Cl-) secreted into lumen--> water follows--> diarrhea

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Which hormones play important roles in maintenance of normoglycemia in FED and FASTING states?

Fed state-insulin= promoting glucose uptake by its target organs; Fasting-glucagon= mobilizes hepatic glucose

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What are the signs, symptoms, and risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

N/V, tachycardia, fever, abdominal pain worse after eating, upper abdominal pain (radiates to back), ecchymosis; RF: alcohol, smoking, obesity, FHx

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What are some alarm (red flag) symptoms for esophagogastroduodenoscopy?

Dyspepsia: weight loss, iron-deficiency anemia, GI bleeding, persistent vomiting, dysphagia, epigastric mass

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Characterize H. pylori (structure, physiology, mode of transmission).

Gram-, urease+, flagellum, oxidase+, curved helico rod, ingestion--> gastric antrum

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What is the relationship between insulin resistance, leptin, ghrelin, and incretins (GLP-1, GIP)?

Leptin inhibits insulin/insulin stimulates leptin; Ghrelin stim. appetite & gastric emptying; Incretins stim. insulin; insulin resistance= ++ insulin & ++hunger

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Explain the pathophysiological effects of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) AB toxins in the stomach and intestinal tract.

increases cAMP--> upregulate CFTR and NKCCI cotransporter crypt cells--> secrete Cl- into lumen--> H2O and Na follow--> watery diarrhea

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