UNIT 5 SIGS cases 1-3 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

List recommended lifestyle approaches for people with IBS.

incr. fluids, fiber, exercise; avoid FODMAPs, alcohol, coffee, spicy & fatty food; manage stress; regular meal pattern; squatting for defecation

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How is Metabolic Syndrome defined and how does it relate to Diabetes Mellitus Type II?

Met Synd: obesity, HTN, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypocholesteremia; Inc. risk of insulin resistance, lipotoxicity--> DM-II

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Describe how the effects of NSAIDs, alcohol, cigarette smoke, and stress lead to the development of gastritis.

Decrease mucosal lining in stomach--> cells exposed to acid--> cell damage--> inflammation

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Describe the role of the lower esophageal sphincter and list factors that affect its functioning.

control entry of bolus--> stomach & prevent gastric contents from entering esophagus; RF: truncal obesity, nicotine,

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What are some alarm (red flag) symptoms for esophagogastroduodenoscopy?

Dyspepsia: weight loss, iron-deficiency anemia, GI bleeding, persistent vomiting, dysphagia, epigastric mass

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gift

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shark

Other team loses 25 points!

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baam

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What is the relationship between insulin resistance, leptin, ghrelin, and incretins (GLP-1, GIP)?

Leptin inhibits insulin/insulin stimulates leptin; Ghrelin stim. appetite & gastric emptying; Incretins stim. insulin; insulin resistance= ++ insulin & ++hunger

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Explain how motor and sensory abnormalities can provoke symptoms of IBS.

Visceral hypersensitivity (distention); Visceral mesenteric nerves respond to distention and serotonin&bradykinin; histamine activates pain fibers

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Compare and contrast Metformin and liraglutide (MOA)

Metformin: activates AMP-activated protein kinase--> decreased gluconeogenesis/insulin sensitivity; Liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) --> insulin release

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shark

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rocket

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lifesaver

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Describe the relationship between gut flora and IBS, including how it relates to use of probiotics.

Dysbiosis (high ratio Firmicutes :Bacteroidetes, few Lactobacilli &Bifidobacteria-> activation gut immune system-->inflammation; attempt to restore symbiosis

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What are the signs, symptoms, and risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

N/V, tachycardia, fever, abdominal pain worse after eating, upper abdominal pain (radiates to back), ecchymosis; RF: alcohol, smoking, obesity, FHx

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Describe the MOA of loperamide and bismuth compounds.

Loperamide: binds peripheral mu in enteric NS--> slow colonic transit (no BBB); Bismuth: salicylate inhibits intestinal prostaglandin and Cl- secretion

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lifesaver

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rocket

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gift

Win 25 points!

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baam

Lose 15 points!

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seesaw

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rocket

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baam

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What are the most common causative agents of traveler's diarrhea?

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., other E. coli strains

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