UNIT 5 SIGS cases 1-3 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

Describe the relationship between gut flora and IBS, including how it relates to use of probiotics.

Dysbiosis (high ratio Firmicutes :Bacteroidetes, few Lactobacilli &Bifidobacteria-> activation gut immune system-->inflammation; attempt to restore symbiosis

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Describe how the effects of NSAIDs, alcohol, cigarette smoke, and stress lead to the development of gastritis.

Decrease mucosal lining in stomach--> cells exposed to acid--> cell damage--> inflammation

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List recommended lifestyle approaches for people with IBS.

incr. fluids, fiber, exercise; avoid FODMAPs, alcohol, coffee, spicy & fatty food; manage stress; regular meal pattern; squatting for defecation

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Explain how motor and sensory abnormalities can provoke symptoms of IBS.

Visceral hypersensitivity (distention); Visceral mesenteric nerves respond to distention and serotonin&bradykinin; histamine activates pain fibers

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Compare and contrast Metformin and liraglutide (MOA)

Metformin: activates AMP-activated protein kinase--> decreased gluconeogenesis/insulin sensitivity; Liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) --> insulin release

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Describe the role of the lower esophageal sphincter and list factors that affect its functioning.

control entry of bolus--> stomach & prevent gastric contents from entering esophagus; RF: truncal obesity, nicotine,

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What are the signs, symptoms, and risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

N/V, tachycardia, fever, abdominal pain worse after eating, upper abdominal pain (radiates to back), ecchymosis; RF: alcohol, smoking, obesity, FHx

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thief

Give points!

star

Double points!

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shark

Other team loses 20 points!

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baam

Lose 10 points!

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What are some alarm (red flag) symptoms for esophagogastroduodenoscopy?

Dyspepsia: weight loss, iron-deficiency anemia, GI bleeding, persistent vomiting, dysphagia, epigastric mass

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Describe the major motor patterns that occur in the small intestines and colon during FED and FASTED conditions.

Fed: motility mix contents to absorb nutrients; isolated contraction->segmentation->peristalsis; Fasted: MMC, I-quiescence II-contractions III-rapid propulsions

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thief

Give points!

rocket

Go to first place!

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fairy

Take points!

baam

Lose 25 points!

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Explain the role of alcohol in pancreatitis.

Primary acinar cell injury = Increased calcium flux ---> activation of trypsinogen by trypsin and generation of free radicals --> Acinar injury

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Describe the MOA of loperamide and bismuth compounds.

Loperamide: binds peripheral mu in enteric NS--> slow colonic transit (no BBB); Bismuth: salicylate inhibits intestinal prostaglandin and Cl- secretion

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