What Catholic religious order, founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, played an important role in the Counter-Reformation through education and missionary work?

What Catholic movement was launched in response to the Protestant Reformation to reform the Church and strengthen Catholic teachings?

Who painted the famous Sistine Chapel ceiling and sculpted the David and Pietà?

What document did Martin Luther write in 1517 to criticize the Catholic Church’s practice of selling indulgences?

What deadly disease spread across Europe in the 14th century, killing millions of people and becoming known as the Black Death?

In which country did the Renaissance begin during the 14th century?

What famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci depicts Jesus having his final meal with his twelve apostles?

What major intellectual movement challenged traditional beliefs about nature and the universe through observation, experimentation, and reason?

What wealthy Florentine family became famous for supporting Renaissance artists, scholars, and architects?

What major European crisis in the early 14th century was caused by severe weather, crop failures, and widespread food shortages?

What period of European history marked the revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman art, learning, and culture?

What Roman contribution refers to a system of government in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf?

What period in European history followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire and was characterized by political instability, economic decline, and limited learning?