Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermediate involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and ketone body formation.

Approximately 10 g of glucose is present in blood plasma. This level must be tightly regulated because glucose is the primary energy source for the brain and re

When glucose levels are high, fatty acid oxidation decreases because carbohydrate metabolism provides sufficient energy, and acetyl-CoA is redirected toward lip

The end product of glycolysis in hepatocytes is pyruvate, which can enter mitochondrial metabolism.

The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide. The liver can store approximately 300 g of glucose equivalents as glycogen t

Approximately 200 g of carbohydrates per day is considered the average requirement.

The brain and erythrocytes (red blood cells) utilize about 80% of the daily glucose supply. The brain relies heavily on glucose for energy, while erythrocytes d

During hyperglycemia, hepatocytes increase the activity of pathways such as glycolysis, glycogenesis, and lipogenesis, facilitating the utilization and storage

The main metabolic form of carbohydrates is glucose.

Under hyperglycemic conditions, excess glucose is primarily metabolized via aerobic glycolysis, producing pyruvate as the main intermediate.

The liver maintains normal blood glucose levels through glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA requires: Coenzyme A (CoA) NAD⁺ the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex