The study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits

The twisted-ladder shape that two linear strands of DNA assume when complementary nucleotides on opposing strands bond together

A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell.

An outgrowth of the ovary of a seed plant that encloses an embryo

The isolation of a gene from one organism and then the introduction of that gene into another organism using techniques of biotechnology

Organism whose cells have (1) chromosomes with nucleosomal structure and separated from the cytoplasm by a two-membrane nuclear envelope, and (2) compartmentalization of functions in distinct cytoplasmic organelles

Synonymous with variety; the international equivalent of variety

A device invented at Cornell University that allows genetic material to be introduced into a new organism

The exchange of genetic traits between populations by movement of individuals, gametes or spores

Fuels, chemicals, building materials, or electric power or heat produced from biological material(s)

The self-replicating genetic structure of cells containing the cellular DNA

A set of biological techniques developed through basic research and now applied to research and product development