Discuss the indications/drug class of the VRd regimen (bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) for Multiple Myeloma (MM)
induction therapy for MM: Bortezomib-antineoplastic; Lenalidomide-immunomodulatory; dexamethasone-low dose gluccoctoricoid used w/ Lenalidomide
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10
Explain how taeniasis and cysticercosis can be prevented.
treatment of human cases harboring adult T. solium (to reduce egg transmission); controlled disposal of human feces
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10
Discuss the laboratory tests that guide antiretroviral drug selection: HLA-B5701 & HIV resistance tests
Haplotype test: assessing the rate of HIV progression; genotype: drug resistance+correct therapy; HLA-B5701 don't use Abacavir drug
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10
Differentiate between acquired and primary immune deficiency
Primary: result of genetic defects; Secondary: environmental factors - HIV
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10
Explain the significance of rouleaux, pancytopenia, elevated serum protein, calcium levels, and circulating plasma cells in the presentation of multiple myeloma.
extensive monoclonal B lymphocyte proliferation->stacks RBCs together; ->overrun bone marrow->anemia; ->osteoclasts increase->hypercalcemia; M-protein spikes
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10
use of TMP-SMX to treat Pneumocystis jirovecii; why is it an opportunistic infection in late HIV
inhibits dihydropteroate synthase+dihydrofolate reductase; PCP lacks ergosterol->antimycotic ineffective; Opportunistic infection in HIV CD4 low=AIDS defining
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10
Identify the antiviral therapies for HIV and describe their site of action: Dolutegravir, Abacavir, Efavirenz
Describe the Ann Arbor staging system used in staging Hodgkin lymphomas and the prognostic significance.
Hodgkin: contiguous lymph spread but NOT Non-Hodgkin; Ann Harbor I-IV (lymph spread increases+organ involved) + A (no b symptoms) B (yes B sympt)->IVB is worst
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10
PPSV23 - type vaccine, components, dosing
inactivated polysaccharide conjugate, 23 serotypes, T-cell independent to dependent, adults>65; ages 2-64 with conditions; 2 doses/5 years apart
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10
Describe the bone marrow histopathologic changes in visceral leishmaniasis (reference pancytopenia)
amastigotes=Infected macrophages via reticuloendothelial->bone marrow suppression->Not good immune response->uncontrolled parasite dissemination->pancytopenia
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seesaw
Swap points!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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shark
Other team loses 15 points!
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banana
Go to last place!
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banana
Go to last place!
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gold
Win 50 points!
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fairy
Take points!
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lifesaver
Give 25 points!
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10
Describe the effect HIV has on CD4+ T-cells.
HIV ->CD4 TH17 (activate neutrophils/protect mucoepithelium) is depleted->decrease CD4 T-> decrease TH1->not enough CD8T = infection + no control of infections
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heart
Other team wins 15 points!
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fairy
Take points!
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shark
Other team loses 10 points!
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baam
Lose 20 points!
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10
Discuss why you do not use albendazole to treat cysticerci (calcified cysts) in a patient with seizures and no cerebral edema
Do not treat calcified cysts with antihelminith or corticosteroids but treat with antiepileptic to control the seizures
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10
Compare Hodgkin Lymphoma with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
