Discuss the modes of transmission and life cycle of Taenia solium as they relate to cysticercosis and taeniasis.
host is man->intermediate pig->man has tapeworm->infects pig->man eats pig w/ mature larva->man ill eating eggs->inactive oncosphere->active oncosphere->cysts
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10
Discuss the indications/drug class of the VRd regimen (bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) for Multiple Myeloma (MM)
induction therapy for MM: Bortezomib-antineoplastic; Lenalidomide-immunomodulatory; dexamethasone-low dose gluccoctoricoid used w/ Lenalidomide
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10
use of TMP-SMX to treat Pneumocystis jirovecii; why is it an opportunistic infection in late HIV
inhibits dihydropteroate synthase+dihydrofolate reductase; PCP lacks ergosterol->antimycotic ineffective; Opportunistic infection in HIV CD4 low=AIDS defining
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10
For CVID, what Immunoglobulin assay results are low - IgA, IgG, IgM? and what do low values mean?
low IgG, low IgA and/or low IgM levels; shortage of these antibodies makes it difficult for people with this disorder to fight off infections)
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10
Explain the significance of the SPEP M-spike in the evaluation of multiple myeloma
A dense narrow band that is composed of a single class of immunoglobulins secreted by an abnormally expanded clone of plasma cells
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10
Discuss why you do not use albendazole to treat cysticerci (calcified cysts) in a patient with seizures and no cerebral edema
Do not treat calcified cysts with antihelminith or corticosteroids but treat with antiepileptic to control the seizures
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10
Explain how taeniasis and cysticercosis can be prevented.
treatment of human cases harboring adult T. solium (to reduce egg transmission); controlled disposal of human feces
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10
Describe the effect HIV has on CD4+ T-cells.
HIV ->CD4 TH17 (activate neutrophils/protect mucoepithelium) is depleted->decrease CD4 T-> decrease TH1->not enough CD8T = infection + no control of infections
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10
PPSV23 - type vaccine, components, dosing
inactivated polysaccharide conjugate, 23 serotypes, T-cell independent to dependent, adults>65; ages 2-64 with conditions; 2 doses/5 years apart
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10
What is intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) treatment for CVID?
IVIg consists of monomeric IgG purified from pooled plasma from healthy donors; reduce inflammation + increase IgG
