Facts, quotations and statistics.

Block pattern and point-by-point pattern

Run-on, comma splice, sentence fragment, choppy/ stringy sentence.

Repeat key nouns, synonyms or expressions with the same meaning Use consistent pronouns Use transition signals to link ideas Arrange ideas in logical order

State the idea Explain why people have this idea Concede partially to the idea Refute the idea Bring the reader round to your view

A topic sentence, supporting sentences and a conclusion.

The thesis is too general or too specific, and it only makes a simple statement.

You have to use your own words and sentence structures. You cannot change the meaning of the original.

A summary is much shorter than a paraphrase.

Funnel and attention grabbing (dramatic/ interesting/ funny story, surprising facts/ statistics, historical background)

Use the following patterns or their combination: -Chronological order Comparison/ contrast Logical division of ideas

Three. Co-ordinate, subordinate and correlative conjunctions.

Signal the end of the essay Remind the reader of your main points Leave your reader with your final thoughts on the topic