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15
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What does validity mean in a scientific investigation?
Validity refers to whether the investigation measures what it is intended to measure.
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15
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Can an investigation be valid but not reliable?
Yes, it may measure the correct variable but produce inconsistent results.
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monster
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fairy
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fairy
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lifesaver
Give 25 points!
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boom
Lose 50 points!
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magnet
Take 20 points!
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fairy
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thief
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Why does increasing the number of trials improve reliability?
It reduces the effect of random errors and allows results to be averaged.
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trap
No points!
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seesaw
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shark
Other team loses 25 points!
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banana
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15
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What is a random error?
An unpredictable variation that affects reliability.
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Why must conclusions be supported by data to be valid?
Because conclusions not based on evidence are not scientifically justified.
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What is a systematic error?
A consistent error caused by faulty equipment or flawed method that affects validity.
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eraser
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star
Double points!
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fairy
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lifesaver
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Why might a biased sampling method reduce validity?
Because the sample may not represent the population being studied.
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What type of variable must be kept constant to improve validity?
Controlled variables.
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Why is controlling variables essential for drawing valid conclusions?
It ensures changes in the dependent variable are due only to the independent variable.
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If results from an experiment vary widely between trials, what does this indicate?
Low reliability.
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How can calibration of equipment improve an investigation?
It improves validity by ensuring measurements are accurate.
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What does reliability mean in a scientific investigation?
Reliability refers to how consistent the results are when the investigation is repeated.
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