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15
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Why might a biased sampling method reduce validity?
Because the sample may not represent the population being studied.
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seesaw
Swap points!
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star
Double points!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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baam
Lose 10 points!
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15
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How can calibration of equipment improve an investigation?
It improves validity by ensuring measurements are accurate.
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15
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What does validity mean in a scientific investigation?
Validity refers to whether the investigation measures what it is intended to measure.
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15
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If results from an experiment vary widely between trials, what does this indicate?
Low reliability.
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15
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What is one way to improve the validity of secondary data?
Check the credibility of the source and compare with other reliable sources.
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15
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What does reliability mean in a scientific investigation?
Reliability refers to how consistent the results are when the investigation is repeated.
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lifesaver
Give 20 points!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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shark
Other team loses 10 points!
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lifesaver
Give 20 points!
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15
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What is a random error?
An unpredictable variation that affects reliability.
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15
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Can an investigation be reliable but not valid?
Yes, results can be consistent but still not measure what was intended.
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15
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What type of variable must be kept constant to improve validity?
Controlled variables.
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15
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Why is validity particularly important when testing cause-and-effect relationships?
Because invalid methods prevent accurate identification of causal links.
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banana
Go to last place!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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lifesaver
Give 10 points!
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thief
Give points!
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25
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magnet
Take 25 points!
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shark
Other team loses 10 points!
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thief
Give points!
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25
15
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What is a systematic error?
A consistent error caused by faulty equipment or flawed method that affects validity.
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15
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Does repeating an invalid experiment make it valid?
No, repetition only improves reliability, not validity.
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