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eraser
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fairy
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fairy
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baam
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15
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Why must conclusions be supported by data to be valid?
Because conclusions not based on evidence are not scientifically justified.
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What is one way to improve the validity of secondary data?
Check the credibility of the source and compare with other reliable sources.
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What does reliability mean in a scientific investigation?
Reliability refers to how consistent the results are when the investigation is repeated.
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How can calibration of equipment improve an investigation?
It improves validity by ensuring measurements are accurate.
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What happens to validity if more than one independent variable is changed at the same time?
Validity is reduced because the cause of the effect cannot be determined.
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monster
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fairy
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banana
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Why is controlling variables essential for drawing valid conclusions?
It ensures changes in the dependent variable are due only to the independent variable.
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thief
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star
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fairy
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baam
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What does validity mean in a scientific investigation?
Validity refers to whether the investigation measures what it is intended to measure.
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Does repeating an invalid experiment make it valid?
No, repetition only improves reliability, not validity.
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What type of variable must be kept constant to improve validity?
Controlled variables.
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Why is averaging results from multiple trials useful?
It increases reliability by minimising the influence of random errors.
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Why is validity particularly important when testing cause-and-effect relationships?
Because invalid methods prevent accurate identification of causal links.
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Which feature of an investigation most improves reliability: repeating trials or changing variables?
Repeating trials.
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If results from an experiment vary widely between trials, what does this indicate?
Low reliability.
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