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15
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What type of variable must be kept constant to improve validity?
Controlled variables.
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15
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Can an investigation be valid but not reliable?
Yes, it may measure the correct variable but produce inconsistent results.
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15
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Why does increasing the number of trials improve reliability?
It reduces the effect of random errors and allows results to be averaged.
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baam
Lose 15 points!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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fairy
Take points!
5
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20
25
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banana
Go to last place!
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15
×
Why must conclusions be supported by data to be valid?
Because conclusions not based on evidence are not scientifically justified.
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15
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If results from an experiment vary widely between trials, what does this indicate?
Low reliability.
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15
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What is one way to improve the validity of secondary data?
Check the credibility of the source and compare with other reliable sources.
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trap
No points!
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star
Double points!
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rocket
Go to first place!
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banana
Go to last place!
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15
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What is a random error?
An unpredictable variation that affects reliability.
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15
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What does validity mean in a scientific investigation?
Validity refers to whether the investigation measures what it is intended to measure.
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15
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Why is controlling variables essential for drawing valid conclusions?
It ensures changes in the dependent variable are due only to the independent variable.
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15
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Which feature of an investigation most improves reliability: repeating trials or changing variables?
Repeating trials.
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15
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What happens to validity if more than one independent variable is changed at the same time?
Validity is reduced because the cause of the effect cannot be determined.
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trap
No points!
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seesaw
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fairy
Take points!
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25
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thief
Give points!
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15
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What does reliability mean in a scientific investigation?
Reliability refers to how consistent the results are when the investigation is repeated.
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heart
Other team wins 25 points!
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magnet
Take 10 points!
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shark
Other team loses 20 points!
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lifesaver
Give 20 points!
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