The Need to Know / Self-Concept / Role of Experience / Readiness to Learn / Orientation to Learning / Motivation

Korean and English have different rhythm and sound systems

✔ Meaning first (context, picture, story) ✔ Students notice examples ✔ CCQs check understanding ✔ Students help build the form /

Helping learners discover language themselves

✔ Reduce teacher talk ✔ Increase clarity ✔ Support noticing ✔ Improve memory and retention ✔ Support learner independence ✔ Help classroom management

Why it is weak: ✔ “Understand” is vague ✔ Not observable ✔ Not measurable

✔ Lesson aim: What learners will be able to do by the end of the lesson. ✔ Stage aim: What learners will do at a specific stage to help achieve the lesson aim.

✔ Minimal pairs ✔ Drilling ✔ Chants / rhythm activities ✔ Listening discrimination ✔ Stress practice Why: ✔ Improves intelligibility ✔ Raises awareness

✔ Learners may respond differently than expected ✔ Timing may change ✔ Teachers must adapt to learner needs ✔ Learning is more important than following a plan