16. Name two chemicals detected using test strips (chemical paper indicators).
Chlorine and ammonia.
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20. What medical measures help in preventing chemical intoxication at enterprises?
Pre-employment and periodic medical check-ups, biological monitoring, and availability of first aid/antidotes.
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15. Which rapid method uses a portable photometer?
Photometric or spectrophotometric rapid tests.
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4. Which chemicals commonly cause asphyxiant effects?
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).
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6. Which chemical is known for causing allergic (sensitizing) reactions?
Formaldehyde.
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19. What is the purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE)?
To protect workers from chemical exposure (e.g., respirators, gloves, face shields).
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14. Name two gases detected using portable gas analyzers.
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon monoxide (CO).
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12. What is teratogenic action?
Effects that harm the developing embryo or fetus. Example: thalidomide.
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17. What industries commonly use flame ionization detectors (FID)?
Petrochemical and oil industries to detect hydrocarbon vapors.
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1. What is meant by the general (nonspecific) action of chemical factors?
Effects that do not depend on the chemical’s structure but occur due to basic physiological disturbances such as CNS depression, irritation, or hypoxia.
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10. Which chemical factor is strongly associated with hematotoxicity?
Benzene (causes bone marrow suppression).
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9. What type of specific action is caused by organophosphorus pesticides?
