Island Foxes on California’s Channel Islands have several islands that were colonized by small groups that migrated to them and have unique traits on each island

On lava flows in the southwestern U.S., dark-colored rock pocket mice became more common than light-colored ones due to camouflage and predator pressure.

A contagious cancer wiped out large portions of the Tasmanian devil population, leaving a few survivors with genetic resistance—those individuals have begun repopulating the area.

In Central America, forest fragmentation drastically reduced glass frog populations in some regions. These small, isolated populations now show less genetic diversity than others.

Five birds accidentally get trapped in a shipping container and are transported to a new continent. Their descendants look and behave differently than the original population.

On Pingelap, a small Pacific island, a typhoon reduced the population to about 20 people. One survivor carried a rare gene for color blindness, which is now unusually common in the population.

In certain areas of Costa Rica, hummingbirds have developed beak shapes that perfectly match the curvature of local Heliconia flowers. Birds with the best fit get the most nectar—and reproduce more.

During El Niño events, food becomes scarce and smaller-bodied marine iguanas tend to survive better than larger ones, leading to a noticeable shift in body size in following generations.

In industrial England, dark-colored moths became more common due to pollution blackening tree bark, giving dark moths better camouflage.

In Nevada, isolated desert tortoise populations became genetically distinct simply because of distance and a lack of movement between regions—no environmental pressure, just separation.

On one Galápagos island, droughts reduced soft-seed plants. Only finches with longer, stronger beaks could crack the tougher seeds, so that trait became more common in the next generation.

In a desert, lizards that blend in with the sand survive more often. Over time, fewer bright green lizards are born.

In a lizard population, those with longer legs can run faster and escape predators. Over time, long-legged lizards become more common.