Better flavour/ aroma, Fresher, Awareness of ingredients, Can be modified to suit dietary requirements, More sustainable, Enjoyable activity

Fat is rubbed into the flour with the tips of fingers until it resembles breadcrumbs

Skewer test, and springs back when lightly pressed.

scones, pastry, soda bread

Baking powder is both an alkali and an acid, when mixed with water it produces CO2 which expands and pushes up the mixture- once cooked, a crust forms

Air, Baking powder, bread soda, yeast

Bread soda is an alkali. When mixed with an acid and liquid, CO2 is formed - pushes the mixture up and once cooked the product stays risen

Butter, Margarine, Oil

Keeps it fresher for longer

Use by dates, weigh accurately, preparing tins before you start, preheat oven and prepare shelves, follow the recipe exaclty, avoid overhandling, time cooking a

Bind dry ingredients and trap air

The bottom should sound hollow when knocked

Cupcakes, Madeira cakes