Bind dry ingredients and trap air

Warmth, Moisture, a slighly acidic pH, Oxygen, Food,

Cupcakes, Madeira cakes

Keeps it fresher for longer

Use by dates, weigh accurately, preparing tins before you start, preheat oven and prepare shelves, follow the recipe exaclty, avoid overhandling, time cooking a

Milk, buttermilk, water, dairyfree alternatives (e.g Oat milk)

Bread soda is an alkali. When mixed with an acid and liquid, CO2 is formed - pushes the mixture up and once cooked the product stays risen

Air, Baking powder, bread soda, yeast

Fat is rubbed into the flour with the tips of fingers until it resembles breadcrumbs

The bottom should sound hollow when knocked

Better flavour/ aroma, Fresher, Awareness of ingredients, Can be modified to suit dietary requirements, More sustainable, Enjoyable activity

scones, pastry, soda bread

Butter, Margarine, Oil