a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Protocol responsible for managing the packets of data sent over the internet. Checks for total number of packets and the correct order. Will request any missing packets to be resent.

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols.

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.