It maintained the balance of free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

It reignited tensions over slavery by allowing popular sovereignty.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave the U.S. territory within the Mexican Cession.

It ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.

It prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent conflicts with Native Americans.

The Compromise of 1877 withdrew federal troops from the South, effectively ending protections for African Americans.

To encourage westward settlement by offering free land to farmers. Excluded those who took up arms against the United States (Confederates) after the Civil War

Increased industrialization, transportation (canals, start of railroads), and communication.

Competition between Britain and France for control of North America.

It ended the Revolutionary War and recognized U.S. independence.

It exposed tensions between backcountry settlers and the colonial elite, leading to a shift toward African slavery.

It sparked religious revivals, emphasized individual salvation, and questioned traditional authority.

A focus on healing the nation with “malice toward none, charity for all.”