A coastal feature formed by the erosion of a sea cave, resulting in a hole or opening through which water is forced upward in a fountain-like spray when waves enter the cave.

The bending of waves as they approach the coastline, causing them to change direction and align more parallel to the shore, resulting in the concentration of wave energy on headlands and the spreading out of wave energy

A coastal landform formed by the erosion of a sea cave, resulting in an arch-shaped rock formation along the shoreline.

A series of large ocean waves caused by underwater seismic activity, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide, that can cause widespread destruction and flooding when they reach the coastline.

A high, elevated coastal landform that extends out into the sea, typically composed of resistant rock that is more resistant to erosion than the surrounding coastline.

The process by which sediment is transported along the coastline by the movement of waves and currents at an angle to the shore.

A long, narrow island parallel to the mainland coast, separated from the mainland by a lagoon or estuary and formed by the deposition of sand and sediment by waves and currents.

The natural process by which rock, soil, or sediment is loosened, transported, and removed from one place to another by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

This process involves the movement of sediment along the coastline by waves, currents, and tides, including longshore drift, beach drift, and tidal currents.

This coastal management strategy is the process of adding sand or sediment to a beach to replenish or restore its eroded shoreline and enhance its recreational and protective functions.

A narrow strip of sand or gravel that connects an offshore island to the mainland, formed by the deposition of sediment by waves and currents.

The engineering method which involves environmentally friendly approaches to coastal management that work with natural processes to reduce erosion and flooding, such as beach nourishment, dune restoration, and managed retreat.

A narrow coastal landform consisting of sand or gravel that extends from the shoreline into open water, typically formed by longshore drift.