These are the periodic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.

The engineering method which involves environmentally friendly approaches to coastal management that work with natural processes to reduce erosion and flooding, such as beach nourishment, dune restoration, and managed retreat.

These engineering methods are man-made structures and interventions designed to control coastal erosion and flooding, such as seawalls, groynes, and breakwaters.

These are ormed by the transfer of energy from the wind to the water's surface, causing the water particles to move in a circular motion.

A coastal landform formed by the erosion of a sea cave, resulting in an arch-shaped rock formation along the shoreline.

The bending of waves as they approach the coastline, causing them to change direction and align more parallel to the shore, resulting in the concentration of wave energy on headlands and the spreading out of wave energy

This process involves the movement of sediment along the coastline by waves, currents, and tides, including longshore drift, beach drift, and tidal currents.

A series of large ocean waves caused by underwater seismic activity, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide, that can cause widespread destruction and flooding when they reach the coastline.

A narrow strip of sand or gravel that connects an offshore island to the mainland, formed by the deposition of sediment by waves and currents.

The process by which sediment is transported along the coastline by the movement of waves and currents at an angle to the shore.

A coastal feature formed by the erosion of a sea cave, resulting in a hole or opening through which water is forced upward in a fountain-like spray when waves enter the cave.

A narrow coastal landform consisting of sand or gravel that extends from the shoreline into open water, typically formed by longshore drift.

The process by which rocks and minerals are broken down or altered at the Earth's surface by various environmental factors such as wind, water, and temperature changes.