Life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling, GNI per capita at PPP
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10
Identify ONE reason why indebtedness may be a barrier to economic development, and a country with a high debt-to-GDP ratio.
Countries with high levels of debts may not be able to fund investment projects
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why dependence on primary sector production may hinder development.
Since crop yields can be unstable due to external factors (e.g. weather), GDP can be very volatile if the country is over-dependent on the primary sector.
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15
Identify THREE sustainable development goals.
Any 3 SDGs.
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thief
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5
10
15
20
25
gift
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rocket
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banana
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baam
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seesaw
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gift
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lifesaver
Give 25 points!
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why a lack of access to infrastructure & appropriate technology hinders development.
Lack of transportation infrastructure hinders efficiency (e.g. Nepal / India etc.) or lack of educational technology in Kenya hinder quality of labor resources
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15
Outline TWO reasons why landlocked countries' geography may hinder development.
Development that meets the needs of present generations + future generations
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15
Identify THREE single indicators to measure development.
GNI per capita, adult literacy rate, access to electricity
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15
Outline TWO reasons why low-income countries may struggle to generate tax revenues.
Smaller tax base for income tax, lower corporate taxes, lower trade (tariffs)
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15
Outline a real life example to explain why a lack of access to international markets could be a barrier to development.
West Africa 4 countries and cotton exports example.
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why capital flight might be a barrier to development
Libya lost $2bn within 3 months in 2011 after start of Libyan Civil War / Arab Spring; lose money to invest in development
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15
Define infrastructure.
Infrastructure refers to the large public facilities that adds to the capital stock of a country and is necessary for economic activity, e.g. transportation
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why tropical climates might be an economic barrier to development
Malaria â lower labor productivity â higher population growth â fewer resources per capita; 90% deaths in sub-saharan African
