Identify THREE single indicators to measure development.
GNI per capita, adult literacy rate, access to electricity
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why tropical climates might be an economic barrier to development
Malaria â lower labor productivity â higher population growth â fewer resources per capita; 90% deaths in sub-saharan African
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15
Identify THREE sustainable development goals.
Any 3 SDGs.
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20
Using a real-life example, explain TWO reasons why the informal economy hinders development.
working conditions + no taxes: South Africa street vendor example
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10
Differentiate between economic growth and economic development
Economic development about standards of living and quality of life, economic growth just about increase in real GDP.
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15
Outline a real life example to explain why a lack of access to international markets could be a barrier to development.
West Africa 4 countries and cotton exports example.
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20
Identify the components of HDI.
Life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling, GNI per capita at PPP
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why a lack of access to infrastructure & appropriate technology hinders development.
Lack of transportation infrastructure hinders efficiency (e.g. Nepal / India etc.) or lack of educational technology in Kenya hinder quality of labor resources
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15
Identify the 5 steps of the poverty cycle.
Low income --> low savings --> low investment --> low productivity --> low income growth
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15
Define sustainable development.
Development that meets the needs of present generations + future generations
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why capital flight might be a barrier to development
Libya lost $2bn within 3 months in 2011 after start of Libyan Civil War / Arab Spring; lose money to invest in development
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15
Using a real-life example, explain why dependence on primary sector production may hinder development.
Since crop yields can be unstable due to external factors (e.g. weather), GDP can be very volatile if the country is over-dependent on the primary sector.
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15
Define infrastructure.
Infrastructure refers to the large public facilities that adds to the capital stock of a country and is necessary for economic activity, e.g. transportation
