displacement of the 4th ventricle into the cervical canal (downward displacement of the cerebellum: results in a small cisterna magna measurement)
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What is hydrocephalus?
ventriculomegaly WITH increased intraventricular pressure
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What is ventriculomegaly?
Any enlargement of the ventricular system
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What is Holoprosencephaly?
a common large ventricle (monoventricle) with absence of the corpus callosum, cavum septum, and falx, has a fused thalamus
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What is Vein of Galen Aneurysm?
an arteriovenous malformation, involves an arterial communication with the vein of galen, leads to right sided heart overload
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What is Encephalocele?
cranial meninges or meninges AND brain tissue protrude through a defect in the calvarium, must identify the occipital defect to rule out cystic hygroma
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What is Hydranencephaly?
fluid filled head replacing cerebral hemispheres, results from insult or bilateral occlusion of the fetal internal arteries
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What is Dandy Walker Syndrome?
large 4th ventricle cyst seen in the posterior fossa replacing the cerebellum (results in an increased cisterna magna measurement)
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What is the third ventricle also referred to as?
The Aqueduct of Sylvius
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What is Choroid Plexus Cyst?
round or oval anechoic structure found in the choroid plexus, contains CSF, uni or bilateral, usually resolve ~ 22-26 weeks, can be linked to T18 & 21
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What is Acrania?
presence of brain tissue with absence of skull bones, no froglike eyes, enhanced sulci marking
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What is Anencephaly?
the most common neural tube defect, absence of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, brain stem is present but no skull bones, froglike eyes, covered, AFP up