The intent, audience, purpose, bias, situatedness, and/or background (larger environment) of a source or reference

— Information (e.g., data, quotations, excerpts from texts) used as proof to support a claim or thesis

Changing vocal characteristics (e.g., pitch, volume, speed) in order to emphasize ideas, convey emotion or opinion, or achieve other specific purposes

Having to do with numbers, amounts, or quantities

— A point of view conveyed through an argument

A means of answering a question or addressing a problem or issue

A boundary or point at which an argument or generalization is no longer valid

— Evidence or reasoning that is false or in error

A belief regarded as true and often unstated

A type of reasoning that constructs general propositions that are supported with evidence or cases

An original source of information about a topic (e.g., study, artifact, data set, interview, article)

The extent to which an argument or claim is logical