— Information (e.g., data, quotations, excerpts from texts) used as proof to support a claim or thesis

A type of reasoning that constructs general propositions that are supported with evidence or cases

The intent, audience, purpose, bias, situatedness, and/or background (larger environment) of a source or reference

The extent to which an argument or claim is logical

Filter through which an issue or topic is considered or examined

A possible future effect or result

Changing vocal characteristics (e.g., pitch, volume, speed) in order to emphasize ideas, convey emotion or opinion, or achieve other specific purposes

An original source of information about a topic (e.g., study, artifact, data set, interview, article)

A position or standpoint on a topic or issue

A belief regarded as true and often unstated

— Arrangement of claims and evidence that leads to a conclusion

— Acknowledgment and acceptance of an opposing or different view

Having to do with text, narrative, or descriptions