Interviews involve one-on-one interactions, while focus groups involve group discussions.

Have predetermined questions in a set order. They are often closed-ended

Overt observations involve the researcher openly observing participants, while covert observations involve the researcher secretly observing participants.

To ask questions and guide the discussion

Structured observations involve predetermined categories and checklists, while unstructured observations allow for more flexibility and open-ended exploration.

To actively participate in the observed activities and interactions

False

7-10 participants

To clarify participants' responses and encourage elaboration

It enables the researcher to collect data from a larger sample size

Analyzing the structure and content of written or spoken texts in language research

It is the most flexible type of interview. The questions and the order in which they are asked are not set.

To gather quantitative data