Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often organized and presented using tables, charts, graphs, figures.

This design is concerned with describing the nature of relationships, characteristics and components of the population or a phenomenon.

It is also known as ex post facto (after the fact) research.

It is the systematic investigation of the nature of relationship, or associations between and among variables without necessarily investigating into causal reasons underlying them.

By using complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of computers, thus predicting future results.

This kind of research aims to assess the effects, impacts or outcomes of practices, policies and programs.

Is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting and studying samples chosen from a population.

This research utilizes scientific methods to test cause and effect relationships under conditions controlled by the researchers.