use ATP to generate movement for example transport of organelles, beating of the cilia and undulating motion of the flagella
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25
What are the three important disaccharides?
maltose, lactose, fructose
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20
What is meant by the term C3 or C4 plant?
C3: majority of plants, have no special features to combat photorespiration. C4: minimize photorespiration by separating initial CO2 and calvin cycle
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25
Describe how an enzyme can lower the activation energy of a reaction
1)Substrate orientation 2)Straining substrate bonds 3)Providing a favorable microenvironment 4)Covalently bonding to the substrate
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15
Name the 2 functional groups in amino acids.
Amino, Carboxyl
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15
Describe the difference between complete dominance, incomplete dominance and codominance.
Incomplete dominance and codominance are both types of inheritance where one allele isnât completely dominant over the other allele. Complete: 1 dom. allele.
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15
Explain the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level: synthesis of ATP from substrate to ADP (glycolysis+krebs). Ox Phos: Uses O2 to oxidize NADH in order to generate ATP
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15
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC
Oxygen
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15
Explain the difference between the terms endergonic and exergonic
Exergonic: have a negative âG RELEASE free energy= energy is a product. Endergonic: a positive âG requires an input of energy= energy is a reactant
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15
Define the terms autocrine, paracrine and synaptic signaling
Autocrine: a cell targets itself. Paracrine: a cell targets a cell enarby. Synaptic: a chemical signal that travels between nerve cells.
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15
Explain the difference between active and passive transport
Passive transport: does not require ATP, happens "passively". Active transport: requires ATP or some energy source
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15
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
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15
What is the role of Cholesterol in the plasma membrane
Cholesterol functions as a buffer, preventing lower temperatures from inhibiting fluidity and preventing higher temperatures from increasing fluidity.