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Elms tree

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  • 'I saw Dutch elm disease unfold as a small boy'. 'Unfold' here means...
    he helped to cause the disease
    he read about the disease in a book
    he watched the events happen and develop
  • The plan raises questions of social 'acceptance'. This refers to whether...
    scientists think the plan is good
    the public will agree to and approve of the plan
    the government will fund the plan
  • Some people are 'wary' of reintroducing the elm. This means they are...
    not interested in the topic at all
    very excited and enthusiastic
    cautious about possible dangers
  • The Trust 'emphasises' providing space for surviving elms. This means the Trust...
    is not sure if this idea will work
    disagrees with this idea
    gives special importance to this idea
  • The situation for the surviving elms is 'precarious'. This means it is...
    stable and unchanging
    very safe and getting better
    not secure and likely to get worse
  • A 'horticultural analogue' is a cultivated plant that is genetically...
    completely different from another species
    similar to another species
    identical to another species
  • Given how 'ingrained' the elm is in British culture, it's not surprising it has fans. 'Ingrained' means...
    unimportant and easily forgotten
    newly introduced and not well-known
    firmly established and difficult to change
  • Millions of trees 'succumbed' to the disease. This means they...
    were changed but did not die
    successfully fought and survived it
    failed to resist and died from it
  • A more 'virulent' strain of the fungus destroyed the trees. 'Virulent' means...
    extremely severe or harmful
    much weaker and less damaging
    slow-spreading and easy to cure
  • In the 'aftermath' of the disease, the elm was forgotten. 'Aftermath' means...
    the cause of the disease
    the time before the disease
    the period following a destructive event
  • The seedlings are tested to see if they can 'withstand' the fungus. This means...
    grow much faster when infected by it
    remain undamaged or unaffected by it
    attract the fungus more easily
  • The elm's return 'relies heavily on' finding resistant trees. This phrase means...
    it is a small part of it
    it depends a great deal on it
    it has no connection to it
  • The fungus blocks the elm's 'vascular' system, which transports water. This system is related to...
    the outer bark of the tree
    the circulation of fluids
    the leaves of the tree
  • Peter Bourne is one of the tree's 'advocates'. An 'advocate' is someone who...
    tries to destroy something
    studies the history of something
    publicly supports a particular cause
  • The elm was once the 'dominant' tree in the landscape. This means it was...
    the most common and powerful
    the most beautiful
    the rarest and smallest
  • If a tree is 'tolerant' of the disease. it can...
    never be infected by the disease
    spread the disease to other trees
    survive with the disease without dying
  • Trees that are 'susceptible' to the fungus show leaf loss and may die. 'Susceptible' means...
    likely to be harmed by something
    very old and large
    strong and able to resist something
  • The elm was a 'prominent' tree in the landscape. This means it was...
    small and not very strong
    important and very noticeable
    rare and hard to find
  • Scientists hope the elm may be 'reintroduced' to the countryside. This means...
    removed completely from a place
    introduced for the first time
    put back into a place where it once lived
  • Scientists inject a tiny amount of the 'pathogen' to test the trees. A 'pathogen' is a...
    tool for cutting trees
    medicine that cures a disease
    microorganism that can cause disease
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