Study

Digestion

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  • Name the ball-like mixture of food and saliva that forms in the mouth during the process of chewing.
    Bolus
  • What are fats broken down into?
    Fatty acids and glycerol.
  • Chewing is also known as?
    Mastication
  • Describe the purpose of peristalsis.
    Pushes the food through the alimentary canal.
  • Energy in food is measured in what unit?
    Kilojoules (kJ).
  • What is the significance of the good blood flow of the villi in the small intestine?
    The glucose and amino acids after absorbed will be carried away quickly so the concentration gradient is maintained and more substance.
  • What is the significance of the thin walls of the villi in the small intestine?
    Diffusion is quicker, there is a lacteal in the villus that carries the broken down fats- now glycerol and fatty acids- towards the blood system later on.
  • Name 5 organs that make up the alimentary canal.
    Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
  • Physical digestion is also called what?
    Mechanical Digestion.
  • What is the most important function of physical digestion?
    It enlarges the surface area of the food by enabling digestive juices to get into closer contact with the food for enzyme action.
  • What are proteins broken down into?
    Amino acids
  • What is INGESTION?
    Action whereby food is taken in to the alimentary canal.
  • What is glucose turned into/ stored as in the liver and muscle cells?
    Glycogen
  • What does glucagon do to the blood sugar level?
    Raises
  • What is DEFECATION?
    Indigestible food residues removed from the body in the from of feces.
  • What is DIGESTION?
    Action whereby large insoluble molecules of food are broken down to small molecules.
  • The following are all examples of what chemical? Carbohydrase, Lipase, Lactase, Protease.
    Enzyme
  • What is ASSIMILATION?
    How the nutrient molecules are used to become part of your body.
  • Name the two most energy rich foods.
    Alcohol and Fat
  • Name the two types of digestion.
    Physical Digestion and Chemical Digestion
  • Name the creamy fluid that is formed in the stomach.
    Chyme
  • Name the accessory digestive organs.
    Liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
  • Name a substance that aids chemical digestion.
    Enzymes
  • Name 5 examples of malnutrition.
    Kwashiorkor Marasmus Anorexia Bulimia Food allergies Coronary heart disease Diabetes Obesity
  • Name 4 components of a balanced diet.
    Carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and fibre.
  • Name the form of malnutrition whereby someone makes themselves vomit, use laxatives, diuretics or do excessive normal weight look healthy.
    Bulimia
  • Name two functions of the tongue in human nutrition.
    1. Pushing food between the teeth 2. Mixing food with saliva 3. Forming the bolus
  • What is the ALIMENTARY CANAL?
    The whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion.
  • Name 3 examples of digestive juices.
    Saliva, Gastric, Pancreatic, Intestinal
  • Name three functions that depend on the energy begotten from ingesting food.
    Maintaining basal metabolic rate. Digestion and absorption of food. Enables physical activity.
  • Give the order in which nutrition takes place, i.e. from when someone eats food until where the waste exists the body.
    1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption 4. Assimilation 5. Defecation
  • Name the malnutrition whereby someone does not eat in spite of food being available to them.
    Anorexia Nervosa
  • Alcohol, drugs, solvents, pesticides and heavy metals are broken down in which organ?
    Liver
  • What are carbohydrates broken down into?
    Glucose
  • Name 2 structural components of the small intestine.
    1. Cells lining the villi have micro-villi. 2. Wall has transverse folds. 3. It is long.
  • What is ABSORPTION?
    Action whereby small molecules are absorbed into the blood.
  • Name three actions whereby physical digestion is performed.
    Grinding, biting, chewing, mixing, squeezing.
  • Where and as what is extra glucose stored?
    Fat under the skin.
  • Diabetes is caused when what problem occurs?
    The pancreas fails to produce insulin so glucose remains in the blood instead of moving into the cells.
  • The picture illustrates which process?
    Peristalsis