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Adverbs & Connectives Review

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  • consequently
    CAUSE; consequently, RESULT (S+V) (*punctuation!)
  • such...that
    (It *be) such (a/an) ADJ+NOUN that (such CAUSE that EFFECT)
  • therefore
    CAUSE; therefore, RESULT (S+V) (*punctuation!)
  • , so
    S+V (CAUSE), so S+V (EFFECT)
  • because of
    Because of + N (CAUSE), RESULT
  • unless
    =if...not; S+V (RESULT) unless S+V (CONDITION).
  • whenever
    = every time; Whenever X, Y. (*often simple)
  • in case
    =if by chance this should happen; S+V in case S + (should) V.
  • when
    = at that time (*Be careful about ADV vs. ADJ clauses!)
  • only if
    =only one condition will cause the result; S+V (RESULT) only if S+V (CONDITION).
  • if
    If S+V (CONDITION), S+V (RESULT) ...OR... S+V (RESULT) if S+V (CONDITION)
  • due to
    Due to + N (CAUSE), RESULT
  • once
    = as soon as (when one event happens, another happens soon after); Once X, Y.
  • but...anyway
    CAUSE, but Unexpected Result anyway (*at the end)
  • the (first/next/last) time
    The first/next/last time (that) X, Y.
  • until
    = to that time and no longer; X until Y.
  • due to the fact that
    S+V (EFFECT) due to the fact that S+V (CAUSE) ...OR... Due to the fact that S+V (CAUSE), S+V (EFFECT)
  • , while
    Direct Contrast (*NO comma when used as a time clause!)
  • whether or not
    = the result will be the same; S+V (RESULT) whether or not S+V (CONDITION-UNEXPECTED/SURPRISING). ...OR... whether S+V or not.
  • so long as
    = as long as (from beginning to end, during all that time); Often: I will (not) X so long as I Y.
  • as
    = while (during that time); Often: As S + progressive, Y.
  • by the time
    By the time X, Y. (*past perfect or future perfect in main clause)
  • despite
    Despite + N/GERUND (CAUSE), Unexpected Result
  • since
    S+V since S+V ...OR... Since S+V, S+V (*time or cause-effect = because)
  • now that
    = because now; Now that CAUSE, EFFECT (*used with present, present perfect or future tenses)
  • even though
    Unexpected Result even though CAUSE (S+V) (switched with comma)
  • nevertheless
    CAUSE; nevertheless, Unexpected Result (*punctuation)
  • so that
    S+V so that S + modal (can/could/will/would/may/might) + V (PURPOSE/WHY)
  • so...that
    so ADJ/ADV that (so CAUSE that EFFECT)
  • despite the fact that
    S+V (Unexpected Result) despite the fact that S+V (CAUSE) ...OR... Despite the fact that S+V (CAUSE), S+V (Unexpected Result)
  • yet...still
    CAUSE, yet Unexpected Result (S + still + V)
  • because
    S+V (EFFECT) because S+V (CAUSE) ...OR... Because S+V (CAUSE), S+V (EFFECT)
  • in spite of
    In spite of N/GERUND (CAUSE), Unexpected Result
  • even if
    =the result will not change; S+V (RESULT) even if S+V (CONDITION).
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