Explain how multiple wandering re-entrance circuits can result in atrial fibrillation. (SIGS 6.1a)
Wandering re-entrance circuits able to continuously find excitable tissue--> depolarization of atria--> fibrillatory contractions in atrial myocytes
Describe the mechanism(s) of action of diltiazem and its effect on cardiac conductivity (SIGS 6.1a)
MOA: inhibits inflow Ca2+ ions into cardiac smooth muscle (SM) during depolarization; Decr. intracellular Ca2+ --> incr. SM relaxation/vasodilation--> decr. BP
Describe the role of INR monitoring in anticoagulation therapy and explain the need for bridge therapy with warfarin. (SIGS 6.1a)
monitor coagulability (maintain optimal level- not too low or too high); Bridge therapy for warfarin due to taking several days to achieve therapeutic effects
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