Who made a research that proved there was much ambiguity in the signals given by teachers while correcting errors?
Fanselow
Who indicated that years of formal instruction in English is a better predictor of adult proficiency than years of natural exposure to and use of English?
Krashen, Seliger, and Hartnett (1974)
What is the negotiation of meaning?
exchanges between learners and their interlocutors as theyattempt to resolve communication breakdowns and to work toward mutual comprehension (Pica et al., 198