In seventeenth century France, a nobleman's education ... (think: P) to be incomplete until he ... (master) the art of carving.
was thought; mastered
From the sixteenth century, women seem to ... (carve) meat at British tables, though by the mid-nineteenth cantury, carving at formal meals ... (carry out: P) mainly by servants.
have carved; was carried out
The French _(insist+always) that salad _(tear:M+P) rather than cut with a knife, a rule which probably _(arise) in order to eliminate the taste of metal - lettuce _(dress:P) with oil and vinegar or lemon, which _(react:M) with some metals.
have always insisted; should be torn; arose; is/was dressed; may/might/can/could react