Earth, Sun, and Moon

What happens when when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align so that the Earth blocks the Sun shining on the Moon; a solar eclipse or a lunar eclipse?

What is the obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination?

What is an imaginary line extending from the North Pole to the South Pole going through the center of Earth, which is the center of Earth's rotation?

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