The human immune system requires proteins such as ____________ and __________ to work efficiently.
Antigens and Antibodies
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Why do polar amino acids attract water molecules?
Because water is also a polar molecule
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Hemoglobin is made of several different "blobs" of alpha helices connected with hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. What level of protein structure is this HUGE molecule at?
Quaternary structure
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Metabolism is _____________ while Anabolism is _____________ and Catabolism is _____________
All the chemical reactions in the body. Chemical reactions that build bonds. Chemical reactions that break bonds.
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When a large, complex protein loses its higher-order structure, but not its primary sequence it is said to be _______________.
Denatured. REMEMBER! Denatured proteins will NOT work!
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The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by _____________________.
the DNA found in a gene that encodes for that protein.
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The Alpha Helix is an example of what kind of protein structure?
Secondary structure. Here you have a bunch of primary structures bonded together. Yes, there is a twisty shape, but it is made from one flat sheet.
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NH2 is what kind of functional group found on an amino acid? REMEMBER! "R" simply refers to the "Rest of the Molecule".
An amino group
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Amino acids that contain sulfur atoms will ____________________.
Form disulfide bridges because sulfur loves to bond with sulfur.
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This functional group, that is found on an amino acid, is called _____________.
A carboxyl group
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True or False. When amino acids are covalently bonded together, the two carboxyl groups, found on the amino acids, need to be attached together.
False! It is the amino group of one amino acid that needs to be connected to the carboxyl group of the other.
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What kind of chemical reaction is taking place here?
You can call it a reduction reaction. HOWEVER! Specifically, it is a dehydration synthesis reaction.
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What are the two chemicals thal ALL amino acids have in common?