Файнэншл Ньюз

Министр иностранных дел.

transcription, transliteration and calque translation

toponyms, anthroponyms,zoonyms,• social terms ,• military terms ,education terms ,tradition and customs terms

junk food, internet

untranslatable words

• unique culture-bound words: вытрезвитель, • analogues: drug-store – аптека, дедовщина – hazing; • similar words with different functions: cuckoo’s call

(derived from Latin realis, pl. realia), or culturally loaded words.

Джордж Гордон Байрон

civil war, War of Independence, Великая Отечественная война

Half-calques

extralinguistic: lack of a similar thing in the target culture;