When we state for example that “algorithm NEW is typically faster than algorithm OLD” it is reasonable to suppose that the intention is to claim that NEW is faster on average.

Choose a sample of students at random measure their height and take the average.

The legend needs to be placed where it can’t be confused with other material, default placement may mean that the legend obscures part of a curve.

When recursive compilation was first developed; it was impractically slow and required too much memory.

The Vertical scale is now completely corrected and unnecessary tick marks have been removed.

The variance is sometimes reported instead of the standard deviation the latter being the square root of the former but variance is generally less easy to interpret.

In the lower version the data lines are strong and the legend has been replaced with direct labelling.

If a coin is unbiased how likely are we to observe 9 heads or more from 12 flips?

Hypothesis tests are used then to investigate whether improvements are significant.

When the kernel process takes over. One of its roles is to deliver a message from a sending application process to a receiving application process.