Explain why polar molecules are often soluble in water while non-polar molecules are not. Include discussion on the intermolecular processes involved in dissolving.
soluble = IMF solute and IMF solvent are similar; water is polar = h-bonding and dipole dipole; nonpolar solute = dispersion (way weaker than IMF in solvent)
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10
In paper chromatography, why do we use pencil instead of pen in writing the starting line?
pencil = insoluble in solvent; pen = soluble; may interfere with the results
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15
State the electron domain, molecular shape, bond angle/s and polarity: CH2O
3, trigonal planar, 120, polar
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15
State the electron domain, molecular shape, bond angle/s and polarity: CH4
4, tetrahedral, 109.5, non-polar
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15
State the electron domain, molecular shape, bond angle/s and polarity: SO2
3, bent, 117.5, polar
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seesaw
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seesaw
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shark
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thief
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10
Give an example of a substance that is very soluble in water and has a pyramidal shape.
(answers may vary - NH3, PH3, ...)
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15
State the electron domain, molecular shape, bond angle/s and polarity: PH3
4, trigonal pyramidal, 107, polar
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heart
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magnet
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rocket
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banana
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15
What is the bond order of NO3-?
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15
Which of the following has the shortest bond
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15
Which would have the highest Rf?
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lifesaver
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seesaw
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rocket
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baam
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10
What element combines with another element by sharing 1 pair of valence e and combines with hydrogen to form a molecule that exhibits hydrogen bonding?
Fluorine
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15
Explain the following trend in boiling points: CH4 < C2H6 < C3H8
All molecules are nonpolar = only dispersion forces = increase in mass = stronger dispersion forces = higher BP
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10
State the relationship between IMF and vapor pressure
A liquid with weak intermolecular forces evaporates more easily and has a high vapor pressure.
