Wire pairs are links between information transmitters and receivers. Nowadays they are used for low frequency short distance communications, e.g. doorbells.
15
What are Coaxial cables?(constructure, uses)
2 wire conductors, a signal transmits through a conductor which is surrounded by an insulator, an earthed wire braid protects from any interference.
20
What are 3 advantages of optical fibres compared to coaxial cables?
1. Larger bandwidth. 2. Lower attenuation of signal. 3. More secure.
25
What is a communication system made up of?
System blocks, each with an individual function in transferring a signal from source to receiver
25
What is modulation?
The process of impressing information onto a signal carrier.
15
What are 4 reasons for modulation?
1. Less interference. 2. A shorter aerial can be used. 3. Less attenuation. 4. Less distortion.
20
What is meant by transmission path?
The physical medium over which the information is transmitted.
15
What two forms can metal wire be found as in communication systems?
1. Coaxial cable. 2. Twisted pair cable.
10
How do optical fibres transmit a signal?
By total internal reflection of light in a long, thin glass cable with a core and cladding.
15
What are surface waves?
Radio waves that diffract over the curvature of the earth to cover large distances.
10
What are sky waves?
Radio waves reflected from the ionosphere by total internal reflection.
10
What are microwave links?
Line of sight transmission paths to receive and transmit information at microwave frequencies.
20
How do geostationary satellites and ground stations avoid de-sensing?
They transmit at different frequencies.
15
What process do high-frequency carrier radio waves undergo before transmission over long distances?
Modulation using audio signal information.
10
What is the relationship between AM bandwidth and the highest frequency in the audio signal, fH?
In amplitude modulation (AM), the carrier waveform amplitude is altered depending on variations in the audio signal: AM bandwidth = 2fH
15
What is the effect of frequency modulation (FM) on the amplitude of the carrier wave?
None, the amplitude is constant but the frequency is varied depending on frequency variations of the audio signal.
