Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
light dependent-When H2O is oxidized-O2 produced, H2S is oxidized, S granules produced, ETC. Light-independent-CO2 is used to synthesized to make sugars
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20
What is made during the light-dependent reactions?
energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH Each water molecule breaks down into two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom.
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How do photoautotrophs produce energy
use light as energy source fixed carbon from CO2 via the Calvin-Benson cycleÂ
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15
List and provide examples of three types of phosphorylation reactions that generate ATP.
oxidative phosphorylation- electron transport chain, photophosphorylation- photosynthesis, substrate level phosphorylation- glycolysis, Krebs cycle
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15
What is a ribozyme?
enzymatic RNA molecules that cut and splice RNA in eukaryotic cells.
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15
What is the purpose of metabolic pathways?
chemical reactions in a cell that build and breakdown molecules for cellular processes;maintain cells energy balance
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How are oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation similar?
a membrane associated electron transport chain. creation of a proton gradient. harvesting energy of the proton gradient by making ATP with ATP synthase
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15
Distinguish catabolism from anabolism.
anabolism is the building up of molecules, releases H2O, endergonic; catabolism breaks down molecules, uses H2O(hydrolytic), exergonic
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15
What are the principal products of the Krebs cycle?
Net - per 2 acetyl CoA- 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP are by substrate- level phosphorylation
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What do chemoautotrophs use as their energy source
use inorganic compounds as their energy source and carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
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How do photoheterotrophs produce energy
use light as an energy source and an organic compound for their carbon source and electron donor.
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15
Describe the mechanism of enzymatic action.
enzyme attracts substrates to its active site, catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed, and then allows the products to dissociate